Internet Route Registry

These entries are queried from radb.net using whois, you can try my project getting these.

:AS36890

route:          41.186.0.0/16
descr:          JTL via EMIX
origin:         AS36890
notify:         noc [at] emix.net.ae
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS8966
changed:        noc [at] emix.net.ae 20120219
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:42:04Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.0.0/16
descr:          MTN-RW
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         RWROUTE-MNT
notify:         jidiag [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         issankusi [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         viateurm [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         jacquesjn [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         christophen2 [at] mtn.co.rw
created:        2012-03-07T14:14:12Z
last-modified:  2018-09-04T17:05:21Z
source:         RIPE-NONAUTH
remarks:        ****************************
remarks:        * THIS OBJECT IS MODIFIED
remarks:        * Please note that all data that is generally regarded as personal
remarks:        * data has been removed from this object.
remarks:        * To view the original object, please query the RIPE Database at:
remarks:        * http://www.ripe.net/whois
remarks:        ****************************
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.0.0/16
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20170912
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.0.0/20
descr:          MTN-RW
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         RWROUTE-MNT
notify:         jidiag [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         vincentb2 [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         viateurm [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         issankusi [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         christophen2 [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         jacquesjn [at] mtn.co.rw
created:        2012-03-13T07:26:19Z
last-modified:  2018-09-04T17:06:52Z
source:         RIPE-NONAUTH
remarks:        ****************************
remarks:        * THIS OBJECT IS MODIFIED
remarks:        * Please note that all data that is generally regarded as personal
remarks:        * data has been removed from this object.
remarks:        * To view the original object, please query the RIPE Database at:
remarks:        * http://www.ripe.net/whois
remarks:        ****************************
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.0.0/20
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.0.0/22
descr:          JTL via EMIX
origin:         AS36890
notify:         noc [at] emix.net.ae
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS8966
changed:        noc [at] emix.net.ae 20120109
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:42:16Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.1.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.4.0/22
descr:          JTL via EMIX
origin:         AS36890
notify:         noc [at] emix.net.ae
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS8966
changed:        noc [at] emix.net.ae 20120109
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:42:16Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.5.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211217
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.6.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.8.0/22
descr:          JTL via EMIX
origin:         AS36890
notify:         noc [at] emix.net.ae
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS8966
changed:        noc [at] emix.net.ae 20120109
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:42:16Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.11.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.15.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20230327
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.16.0/20
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.16.0/22
descr:          JTL via EMIX
origin:         AS36890
notify:         noc [at] emix.net.ae
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS8966
changed:        noc [at] emix.net.ae 20120109
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:42:16Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.32.0/20
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.35.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.48.0/20
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.59.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.64.0/20
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.70.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.78.0/24
descr:          MTN RWANDACELL Mobile Network
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.78.0/24
descr:          MTN Rwanda
origin:         AS36890
notify:         as16637-notify [at] mtnbusiness.net
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        carlos.pinto [at] mtn.com 20180621  #00:52:27Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:54:00Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.79.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.80.0/20
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.86.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20230824
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.88.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20230731
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.96.0/20
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.112.0/20
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.160.0/20
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20231123
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.180.0/22
descr:          CDNs for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.180.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.180.0/24
descr:          MTN Rwanda
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20171213  #16:34:19Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:52:37Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.181.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.186.182.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          41.189.213.0/24
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20220412  #17:42:47Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:10:51Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          41.222.244.0/22
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RWANDA
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20230315  #00:12:52Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:15:24Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          41.222.244.0/23
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RWANDA
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20230315  #00:14:59Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:15:24Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          41.222.244.0/24
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RWANDA
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20230315  #00:16:15Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:15:24Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          41.222.246.0/23
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RWANDA
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20230315  #00:17:36Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:15:24Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          102.130.32.0/21
descr:          MTN RwandaCell
origin:         AS36890
notify:         as16637-notify [at] mtnbusiness.co.za
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        carlos.pinto [at] mtn.com 20190411  #07:37:14Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:55:48Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          102.135.176.0/22
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RWANDA
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20230315  #00:09:18Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:15:24Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          102.135.176.0/23
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RWANDA
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20230315  #00:10:14Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:15:24Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          102.218.176.0/22
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN Rwanda cell
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20220329  #21:51:21Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:10:35Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          102.218.176.0/23
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN Rwanda cell
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20220329  #21:53:05Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:10:35Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          102.218.176.0/24
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN Rwanda cell
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20220329  #21:55:08Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:10:35Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          102.223.210.0/24
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20220412  #17:43:53Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:10:51Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          154.73.104.0/22
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RWANDA
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20210512  #06:02:37Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:05:43Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          154.117.192.0/18
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RWANDA
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20210512  #06:01:24Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:05:43Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          169.255.188.0/22
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20220412  #17:41:58Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:10:51Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          169.255.188.0/23
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RW
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20210825  #19:22:30Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:08:09Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          169.255.188.0/24
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RW
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20210825  #19:23:34Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:08:09Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          196.44.240.0/20
descr:          route object MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20170912
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          196.44.240.0/20
descr:          MTN-RW
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         RIPE-NCC-LOCKED-MNT
mnt-lower:      RWROUTE-MNT
notify:         jacquesjn [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         issankusi [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         viateurm [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         jidiag [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         christophen2 [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         vincentb2 [at] mtn.co.rw
created:        2006-09-30T15:55:20Z
last-modified:  2018-09-04T15:47:51Z
source:         RIPE-NONAUTH
remarks:        ****************************
remarks:        * THIS OBJECT IS MODIFIED
remarks:        * Please note that all data that is generally regarded as personal
remarks:        * data has been removed from this object.
remarks:        * To view the original object, please query the RIPE Database at:
remarks:        * http://www.ripe.net/whois
remarks:        ****************************
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          196.44.240.0/20
descr:          JTL via EMIX
origin:         AS36890
notify:         noc [at] emix.net.ae
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS8966
changed:        noc [at] emix.net.ae 20120219
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:42:04Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          196.44.240.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          196.44.240.0/24
descr:          MTN-RW
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         RWROUTE-MNT
notify:         jidiag [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         issankusi [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         viateurm [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         christophen2 [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         jacques [at] mtn.co.rw
notify:         vincentb2 [at] mtn.co.rw
created:        2012-03-13T07:34:08Z
last-modified:  2018-09-04T17:06:52Z
source:         RIPE-NONAUTH
remarks:        ****************************
remarks:        * THIS OBJECT IS MODIFIED
remarks:        * Please note that all data that is generally regarded as personal
remarks:        * data has been removed from this object.
remarks:        * To view the original object, please query the RIPE Database at:
remarks:        * http://www.ripe.net/whois
remarks:        ****************************
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          196.44.242.0/24
descr:          route object for MTN RWANDACELL
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MTNRW-MNT
changed:        *** [at] mtn.com 20211209
source:         AFRINIC
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          196.44.242.0/24
descr:          Proxy-registered route object
origin:         AS36890
remarks:        This route object is for a BtN customer route
remarks:        which is being exported under this origin AS.
remarks:
remarks:        This route object was created because no existing
remarks:        route object with the same origin was found, and
remarks:        since some BtN peers filter based on these objects
remarks:        this route may be rejected if this object is not created.
remarks:
remarks:        Please contact peering [at] cais.net if you have any
remarks:        questions regarding this object.
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS3491
changed:        sajwani [at] pccwbtn.com 20080421
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:42:38Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          196.44.244.0/22
descr:          Proxy-registered route object
origin:         AS36890
remarks:        This route object is for a BtN customer route
remarks:        which is being exported under this origin AS.
remarks:
remarks:        This route object was created because no existing
remarks:        route object with the same origin was found, and
remarks:        since some BtN peers filter based on these objects
remarks:        this route may be rejected if this object is not created.
remarks:
remarks:        Please contact peering [at] cais.net if you have any
remarks:        questions regarding this object.
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS3491
changed:        sajwani [at] pccwbtn.com 20080416
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:42:37Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          196.44.248.0/22
descr:          Proxy-registered route object
origin:         AS36890
remarks:        This route object is for a BtN customer route
remarks:        which is being exported under this origin AS.
remarks:
remarks:        This route object was created because no existing
remarks:        route object with the same origin was found, and
remarks:        since some BtN peers filter based on these objects
remarks:        this route may be rejected if this object is not created.
remarks:
remarks:        Please contact peering [at] cais.net if you have any
remarks:        questions regarding this object.
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS3491
changed:        sajwani [at] pccwbtn.com 20080416
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:42:37Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          196.44.252.0/22
descr:          Proxy-registered route object
origin:         AS36890
remarks:        This route object is for a BtN customer route
remarks:        which is being exported under this origin AS.
remarks:
remarks:        This route object was created because no existing
remarks:        route object with the same origin was found, and
remarks:        since some BtN peers filter based on these objects
remarks:        this route may be rejected if this object is not created.
remarks:
remarks:        Please contact peering [at] cais.net if you have any
remarks:        questions regarding this object.
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS3491
changed:        sajwani [at] pccwbtn.com 20080416
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:42:37Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid

route:          197.157.192.0/22
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RW
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20210825  #19:19:07Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:08:09Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          197.157.192.0/23
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RW
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20210825  #19:20:06Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:08:09Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          197.157.192.0/24
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN RW
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20210825  #19:20:49Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:08:09Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          197.215.220.0/24
origin:         AS36890
descr:          MTN
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20220412  #17:44:49Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T16:10:51Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          197.234.244.0/22
descr:          MTN Rwanda
origin:         AS36890
notify:         as2905-notify [at] mtnbusiness.net
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        carlos.pinto [at] mtn.com 20180531  #20:18:52Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:53:46Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          197.234.244.0/23
descr:          MTN RWANDA
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20180531  #19:42:01Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:53:46Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route:          197.234.244.0/24
descr:          MTN RWANDA
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        cnocisp.za [at] mtn.com 20180531  #19:43:18Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:53:46Z
rpki-ov-state:  not_found # No ROAs found, or RPKI validation not enabled for source

route6:         2c0f:f860::/32
descr:          MTN Rwanda
origin:         AS36890
mnt-by:         MAINT-AS2905
changed:        noc [at] mtnbusiness.co.za 20160504  #13:59:21Z
source:         RADB
last-modified:  2023-11-13T15:49:09Z
rpki-ov-state:  valid